Virginia Tobaccos

Introduction

Introduction

More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.

Introduction

Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.