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This product is unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) nanocomposite profile containing nanoparticles. UPVC is among the widely used polymers in building construction which is the more suitable option compared to metal and wooden profiles due to features such as high durability and performance, easy formability, low thermal expansion, prevention of the energy loss and non-flammability. However, the brittleness and loss of color during exposure to UV radiation are some disadvantages of these profiles. as a solution, nanomaterials are added to the UPVC which improve the impact strength of the product.
The size of the selected nanoparticles and their high surface area lead to the cavitation mechanism in the nanocomposite structure. This mechanism reduces the growth energy of the cracks and improves the failure threshold of the product.
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Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.
Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are the main air pollutants that are also responsible for acid rain. Excessive sulfur content in petroleum fractions such as naphtha, in addition to causing air pollutants, can corrode tanks, reactors, pipes and fittings. Currently desulfurization is carried out using desulphurization catalysts adjacent to hydrogen; thus at a certain temperature and pressure, as well as a specific proportion of hydrogen, sulfur atoms convert to hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts based on γ–alumina are commonly used for desulphurization. Alumina has various applications including ceramic membranes, paints, refinery and chemical catalysts, pollution control and base catalyst. The mesoporous γ–alumina with pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and suitable pore distribution is used as the most common base catalyst in desulphurization.
Concrete is unique in construction and it is only an exclusive product for trading; so it involves a significant share of research and development, and income in the industry to itself. Concrete, a multi-phase, complex and nanostructured material, is a composite structure mainly composed of cement and water. Nanoscience and nanoengineering of concrete are phrases which describe two essential approaches regarding the application of nanotechnology in concrete. Up to now, concrete has been primarily known as a structural material. Nanotechnology is capable of making a multi-functional material from concrete. Concrete can be nanoengineered by incorporating nanoscale building blocks, nanoparticles, nanotubes, etc.
The design of the facade is of great importance in every building, because it is the first part of the building to be exposed, and it will be very effective in creating the initial mentality of someone who enters the building. The use of special designs and colors in interior and exterior decoration is welcomed by manufacturers and buyers. One of the more recent designs is the use of golden elements made of stainless steel with TiN golden coatings. These ceramic coatings, in addition to the strength and mechanical properties, provide good corrosion resistance. There are different methods to apply TiN coatings on substrates. Arc-PVD is a kind of physical vapor deposition technique in which an electric arc is used to vaporize material from a cathode target. The vaporized material then condenses on a substrate and forms a thin film.
More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.
Catalytic reforming is a major conversion process in petroleum refinery which converts low octane naphthas into higher octane reformate products for gasoline blending and aromatic rich reformate for aromatic production. To perform the process correctly and efficiently, as well as to prevent coke making, the process structure and catalyst must be selected optimally. The efficient structure of the reforming reactors is continues catalytic reforming (CCR). In this process the catalyst is key component. The γ–alumina based catalyst is amongst the catalysts that has a long history in catalytic reforming. In naphtha reforming, γ–alumina is responsible for acidic interactions; moreover, the dehydrogenation reactions are performed by some metals which are impregnated to the catalyst. Therefore, alumina-based catalyst is a very suitable candidate for catalytic reforming.
Air filters are used to prevent damage to power plant equipment through dust particles, contaminants and other harmful particles in the air. The main goal is the maximum absorption of dust particles from the air. Nanofibers with lower thickness and higher specific surface area than that of conventional fibers have many applications in filtration and electrospinning is the most efficient process for production of continuous fibers from synthetic or natural polymers. Electrospinning is used to improve the performance and efficiency of the filter. This technology while increases the efficiency of dust absorption, avoid high pressure drop. Fibers produced by electrospinning have a diameter of less than 100 nm and cover the surface of the filter paper uniformly.
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