Sulfonic Acid

Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid and methanecarboxylic acid (CH3COOH), is a colorless liquid that has a strong and distinct pungent and sour smell. It is the product of the reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide at 185 ᵒC and 27.5 bar in a fluidized bed reactor with rhodium containing complex catalyst and methyl iodide as promoter. Acetic acid is a global product. China, the United States, the rest of Asia, and Western Europe include the major market for this product. These regions account for more than 90 percent of the world capacity (virgin acid). Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is the largest end use for this product in the four regions and constitutes 30 percent of global consumption. VAM is used in polymer manufacture for adhesives and coating.

DESCRIPTION

Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.

DESCRIPTION

The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO₃, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95%.

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C₁₇H₃₅CO₂H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates.