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The design of the facade is of great importance in every building, because it is the first part of the building to be exposed, and it will be very effective in creating the initial mentality of someone who enters the building. The use of special designs and colors in interior and exterior decoration is welcomed by manufacturers and buyers. One of the more recent designs is the use of golden elements made of stainless steel with TiN golden coatings. These ceramic coatings, in addition to the strength and mechanical properties, provide good corrosion resistance. There are different methods to apply TiN coatings on substrates. Arc-PVD is a kind of physical vapor deposition technique in which an electric arc is used to vaporize material from a cathode target. The vaporized material then condenses on a substrate and forms a thin film.
Interior and exterior facade of buildings, elevators and other decorative applications.
Creating nanostructured coatings on the substrate will improve the abrasion, erosion and corrosion properties of the substrate.
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Rainwater pipes are used to transfer the rain and snow water from roof of the buildings. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is kind of useful plastics in construction and buildings. By adding lubricants, this material will become softer and more flexible than plastics. If no lubricant and plasticizer is added, UPVC is obtained. Chemical resistance of this polymer makes it interesting for a variety of industries especially pipe industry. Usage of UPVC includes sewer pipelines, water mains and potable water services, power and telecommunication cables. These pipes are supposed to have chemical and corrosion resistance, high elasticity module and toughness, long term tensile strength and abrasion resistance, but they may become brittle exposed to cold atmosphere. In addition, they tend to deform and lose their strength in high temperature conditions. These pipes have been given better properties by addition of nanoparticles.
Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are the main air pollutants that are also responsible for acid rain. Excessive sulfur content in petroleum fractions such as naphtha, in addition to causing air pollutants, can corrode tanks, reactors, pipes and fittings. Currently desulfurization is carried out using desulphurization catalysts adjacent to hydrogen; thus at a certain temperature and pressure, as well as a specific proportion of hydrogen, sulfur atoms convert to hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts based on γ–alumina are commonly used for desulphurization. Alumina has various applications including ceramic membranes, paints, refinery and chemical catalysts, pollution control and base catalyst. The mesoporous γ–alumina with pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and suitable pore distribution is used as the most common base catalyst in desulphurization.
This product is zinc oxide/polypropylene nanocomposite fibers, which due to the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles show antibacterial properties. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in destroying the bacteria has considerable applications. Due to the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles inside the polymeric network of the yarn, the rate of releasing nanoparticle is very low; so the long-term antibacterial effect of this product is considerable.
Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.
More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.
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