Introduction
Water pipes are mainly used for water supply, sewage and drainage applications. These pipes are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which widely used in buildings. Addition of lubricants makes this material softer and more flexible than plastics. If no lubricants or plasticizers are added to it, the resulting material is known as UPVC. The chemical resistance of this polymer has made it suitable for wide applications in different industries, especially the pipe industry. These pipes are supposed to have chemical and corrosion resistance, high elasticity modulus and flexibility, longterm tensile strength, high strength to weight ratio and wear resistance. However, it should be noted that these pipes can be fragile when exposed to cold weather. Besides, they can be deformed and lose their strength because of high temperature. Addition of appropriate nanoparticles can obviate these deficiencies and improve their properties.
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